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The Special Economic Zones in India – Fact Sheet

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The Parliament is debating the amendment ordinance to the ‘The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act’ (RFCTLARR). Land Acquisition has become a national subject for debate. It is important to understand if the land acquired for industrial purpose is actually put to use and to look at the related data. In this context, we bring you a series of stories discussing the issues & performance of Special Economic Zones in India based on the report of the Comptroller & Auditor General (CAG). Here is the first in that series, explaining the SEZ concept and other related facts.

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Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is a special geographical region which has completely different laws when compared to other regions. SEZ’s enjoys tax breaks, simplified procedures, less regulations and restrictions, exemption from customs and duties, all of which is done to

  • Generate additional Economic activity
  • Promote exports of goods and services
  • Promote Investment from domestic and foreign sources
  • Create employment opportunities
  • Develop Infrastructure facilities

Who can set up a SEZ?

  • Private
  • Public
  • Private/Public
  • State Government
  • State Government Agencies

Who monitors SEZs?
An appointed committee of State govt. representative or a Development Commissioner is responsible to monitor the performance of SEZ on annual basis.

The Life Cycle of a SEZ

  • Anybody who wishes to develop a SEZ submits a proposal to the Board of Approval (BoA). A Single Window approval mechanism has been provided through a 19 member inter ministerial Board of Approval (BoA), headed by the Secretary, Department of Commerce.
  • The BoA then grants an ‘in-principle’ or a ‘formal’ approval.
  • The Central Government issues a notification when the developer proves the possession, contiguity and irrevocable rights on Land. These are called ‘Notified SEZs’
  • BoA allows the Developer for authorised operation. The SEZs that start operations are called ‘Operational SEZs’
  • Developer/Units are allowed various Tax Concessions/exemptions for effecting Exports

State-wise distribution of approved SEZs (As on 21st January, 2015)
Here is the state wise distribution of SEZs.

State/CountryTotal Approved (Formal + In principle)Total NotifiedTotal Operational
All India523352196
Maharashtra785225
Telangana604224
Karnataka593925
Tamil Nadu595136
Andhra Pradesh443018
Gujarat392818
Haryana37256
Kerala322514
Uttar Pradesh322210
Madhya Pradesh2092
West Bengal1457
Rajasthan1084
Odisha942
Punjab822
Goa730
Chhattisgarh311
Delhi300
Chandigarh222
Nagaland220
Puducherry200
Jharkhand110
Manipur110
Uttarakhand100

 

Total All India SEZ Figures

The Top 10 states in terms of SEZ approvals are

top 10states sez approvals

Here is the complete list of SEZs that are formally approved & those that are notified.

Total land for these SEZs

1 Hectare = 2.47 acres

total_land_under_sez

Total investment in SEZs in Rs Crores (As on 30th September, 2014)

total_investment_in_sez

Total employment in SEZs in terms of number of people (As on 30th September, 2014)

total_employment_in_sez

Data Source: www.sezindia.nic.in

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Suresh is a software professional based in NY and firmly believes in giving back to the society not as charity but as our responsibility.

4 Comments

  1. Dilip Kumar Jena on

    Hi Rakesh,

    Thank you so much for bringing these facts out. It would be interesting to see following figures:

    1. Per hectare investment in SEZ prior to Act VS per hectare investment in SEZ after the act.

    2. Number of employments generated for every crore of investment before the Act VS number of employment generated after the Act.

    3. Total production of goods or services per hectare (or per crore of investment) before the Act VS production of goods or services per hectare (or per crore of investment) after the Act.

    This will help us see if SEZ’s really lived upto their purpose. Would you be able to pull out these analysis?

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