Explainer: COVID-19 Economic relief packages across the world
Sai Krishna Muthyanolla
May 9, 2020
Governments across the world have announced major economic relief packages to tide over the COVID-19 crisis. Here is a look at the economic packages announced by some of the major countries.
WHO has declared COVID-19 as an Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30 January 2020, because of its rapid spread across multiple countries. In an effort to contain the spread of the virus, most countries have resorted to containment measures like ban on air-travel, closing down the borders, lockdowns etc.
While these measures were necessary in wake of the prevailing situation, they caused enormous disruption to normal life. Most economic and commercial activities across the world were brought to a standstill because of these measures, resulting in loss of income for many.
To address these repercussions and alleviate the sufferings caused to the citizens, respective governments have announced relief measures and stimulus packages. Factly has earlier written stories on the relief measures announced by Government of India and the States, to provide relief and support to the disadvantaged sections of the society. On 26 March 2020, Government of India announced a COVID-19 relief package worth Rs. 1.7 Lakh crores.
In this story, we take a look at the various relief and stimulus packages announced in various counties affected by COVID-19.
USA has announced more than USD 2.5 trillion as Aid package in multiple phases
USA is the worst hit country by the COVID-19 pandemic. It has around 12.5 lakh COVID-19 positive cases and has reported more than 67 thousand deaths so far.
President Trump’s administration declared a Public Health Emergency on 31 January 2020, in regards to the spread of COVID-19. As the situation escalated further, a National Emergency was declared on 13 March 2020. The response of the individual states in the USA has varied, with each of them acting in accordance to the severity of the situation in the respective states. Most of the non-essential services and any sort of public gatherings have been banned in most of the larger states.
These restrictions have adversely affected travel, restaurant, retail and other industries along with the financial markets. As on 16 April, around 22 million Americans have filed for unemployment since National emergency was declared.
The United States Congress has come up with multiple aid packages to address the situation.
a. The first Aid package approved by US Congress was through the enactment of Corona Virus Preparedness and Response Supplemental Appropriations Act, 2020. As per this act,  $ 8.3 billion has been provided. This includes:
b. On 18 March, Families First Corona Virus Response Actwas approved in Senate. It provides for Paid Emergency leave, Food assistance and Free testing for all the affected employees.
c. The largest ever Economic Stimulus package in US History was provided through Corona Virus Air Relief and Economic Security Act (CARES Act) , with the approval of $ 2 trillion. The highlights of this aid include:
d. A further $ 484 billion was approved on 23 April 2020. The amount would be used to further fund Paycheck Protection Program as well as to provide $75 billion as funding to hospitals.
United Kingdom (UK) provides for Individual and business relief measures
UK currently has the second highest number of deaths due to COVID-19, after USA. The response and imposition of a lockdown were delayed in comparison to other countries.  Lockdown on the whole population was imposed on 23 March, and Corona Virus Act 2020 was passed to provide the government with Emergency powers.
Relief measures announced to mitigate the socio-economic effects of lockdown include the following.
Tax and Unemployment benefit a key part of Italy’s relief measures
Italy was one of the first epicentres for COVID-19 outside. A nationwide quarantine was announced on 09 March 2020. Subsequently, Italy has announced various relief measures in the form of aid and tax benefits for its citizens affected due to lockdown.
All-round coverage in Canada’s Covid-19 relief package
Canada is being hailed as one of the countries which has managed COVID-19 epidemic more effectively than others. Especially, the relief & support measures announced by Canadian government have received appreciation for covering individuals from various walks of life as well as various businesses.  (Note : the monetary values expressed are in Canadian Dollars)
Financial support to unemployed and relief for business part of most Economic relief packages
Local and in-country specific demands influence the financial packages across the countries. Countries which are among the developing and poor countries have laid emphasis on providing financial and benefits-in-kind support to the marginalized sections of the society. Whereas, more developed countries have laid emphasis on providing tax reliefs for the work forces and incentives for employers to sustain in the business.
Providing assistance to the unemployed who might have lost their jobs due to COVID-19 features primarily in any of the relief & stimulus packages announced by the governments. Key emphasis is also laid on providing assistance to businesses, especially small and medium scale ones which have lost revenue and do not have the resources to stay afloat. This would ensure that the businesses survive this period.
Here is a look at few important economic relief measures taken by select countries(Brazil, South Africa, Singapore and Pakistan)
Featured Image: COVID-19 relief packages